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الأحد، 17 مارس 2013

Mayan essay supported with pictures and video

Mayan civilization of very civilizations mission, in the old time

Maya is the name of civilization has northern Guatemala and parts of Mexico, where tropical forests, Honduras, El Salvador, and these areas are home to people of Mayan Indians that culminated the year 700 BC. Was the arrival of the Spaniards and Europeans

Of the Americas reason to destroy this civilization.

Features of the Maya civilization has evolved slowly over the years 700 m, 300 m year, and called on this traditional Maqil period in the life of the Maya. With the beginning of this period who was speaking Almayawah living in three adjacent regions of Central America and Eastern and Southern Mexico

First Almioyun were people farming practiced his sons, and live in small villages scattered in small houses roofed.

This civilization reached its zenith year 700 BC.. And drop the old empire with solutions to the seventh century BC. Especially in the southern cities because of diseases, wars, climate, and famine. In the year 1000 BC.. The modern Maya empire was stronger than it was out of date as new cities have emerged in Yukktan and Otza but most of these cities extinct. In the year 300 AD appeared civilization traditional Mayan civilization became complicated since 300 AD - 900 AD where the major cities politically independent city Tikal and Banic and Piedras


Spaniards began to control the Mayan lands within 1520 and resisted desperately some areas, and the last Mayan kingdoms, the Kingdom of Itza, not subject to the Spaniards until 1697.

Famed Mayan civilization since the fourth century, until the coming of the Spaniards establish the pyramids above the peaks of temples and houses priests, also famous for pottery which was in the form of cylindrical cups her pregnant and with three legs and colorful bowls.

The Maya had a pictorial writings and work Alfiresc (Alavrsk). In western Panama traces them of gold and pottery, also found on the tombs of them

Known Mayan writing Avatar (hieroglyphics) as defined calendar year 613 AD and year Almayawah 18 month every month 20 days. Was added for the year 5 days mismanage where religious rituals practiced.

Knew the account was developed unity point five units Twenty-Hilal rod and used to take the forms of human and animal as numerical units

The ancient Mayan empire was characterized by its public buildings and homes of senior policemen and priests that had been building with stones and also famous Bmdnha large Kcolan in Honduras, and some cities to adopt around fences, and streets were unpaved and paved roads linking major cities.

Maya did not know the vehicles calf did not use animals in carrying heavy loads, but they were carrying to trade on their backs after linking them with a rope hanging over the chest or in the front or take them in small boats coastal waters and rivers which are made ​​of hollow tree trunks after discharge from the drilling

The Mayan follow a complex writing system, hieroglyphic writing like letters hieroglyphic, and they write down their observations and astronomical calculations and Calendar account writing Onsabhm and their history, and the writing was a mixture of Avatars glyphs which represented the full lyrics can be read and pronunciations. The scripts are written inscription on the stone pillars and altars altars temples and thresholds for doors, balconies and roof beams or painted over ceramic pots or in books made ​​from the bark of trees

 And the Almioyun drank fermented honey and bark (peel) trees البلش balche, and they were hunting rabbits and deer and turkeys to eat meat, and raise turkeys, ducks and dogs as pets indoors. And ate fish caught.
 
During comfort of work were making stone tools and small clay figurines and Anakecon gems and Ajdlon ropes and make baskets and mats. The woman made ​​colored pottery clay wicks wrapped and woven from cotton fibers, shirts and gowns synergist men Estrua faults. They were using the bark of the wild fig trees as the paper was used for ceremonial purposes

The Kings are called title Colaho k'ul ahau and the ruling Grand meaning and sacred because the king had a political and religious power. And the kings ruled by hereditary governing council but their powers collapsed after the emergence of the religious establishment, which was for the priests of their authority, was sentenced each city shall the king is the priest.

Mayan society was mostly peasant villagers perform two-thirds of Khrajhm of the ruling class and deride the work for them, and they women Emctun and Aitiln hair and hairstyle was marked by a layer of women in society, and be wearing embroidered Kelchibat and blouses.

Was Almioyun women and men يتزينون drawing masterly tattooed. There were domestic slaves and criminals. The slave trade was prevalent, especially as the poor who were selling themselves in the slave markets. They were either working in hard labor or slaughtered Kodahi buried with their masters to يخدموهم after death.

The Mayan communities living settlements clan heads and they are also hereditary rulers, who ruled through their political and spiritual abilities, where he was believed to have the ability to connect super natural powers. They were among the clans representing the upper class. And there was a general council of these tribes has حكماؤها and tribal leaders to manage their political and religious affairs

Whole ancient agricultural peoples The first Almioyun worshiped gods of agriculture agency rain and the corn god, and they gave him offerings offerings her Atoddoa. The Ancient astronomers have noticed the movements of the sun, moon, planets and made ​​their calendar through astronomical calculations and observations of these celestial bodies.

 The observations of astronomers predict Tbasharham events and happy hours in all activities of life, especially for agriculture or war. The pyramids tumuli that resemble hills made ​​of rubble stone and above the peak massacres altars or thatched temples, were placed in the heart of the settlements to the priests offer sacrifices sacrifices to the gods above. This set up large pyramids in Almirador site El Mirador in the lowlands of Guatemala, and is considered one of the large buildings of the ancient Mayans.

In the year 400 BC.. Become Almirador area inhabited center and chair of the powerful chiefdom chiefdom. During the passage of time the traditional pre-era Mayan stones used in construction, and were using stone Aloobsidian Obsidian (flint), a soft volcanic rock, and he brings from the highlands in Guatemala, فصنعوا him weapons, machinery and sculptures

In the year 300 AD. Civilization emerged traditional Mayan people, and has become a complex civilization since 300 AD - 900 AD where the major cities politically independent city Tikal and Banic and Piedras Ngrass and Kuban. The rule was all King City is a priest. Rulers were embossed pictures above Astellat stelae (See: Estella) of rock, carrying arms and trying to capture each other to bring them كذبائح sacrificial ritual and political purposes. They are destroying parts of the cities, especially frontier ceremonial temples, but this did not affect the population and the economy in the same city.
City-states were fighting each other on a small scale does not exceed the reverting blitz raids then withdrawal Alserba, and most of the attackers were from the nobility.

In low-lying areas land Maya built large cities and stable where populated who were paying tribute in the form of goods or work in the construction of temples and palaces, courtyards and water tanks and bridges upper over swamps, and they conceal in their hearts and digging ceilings, floor and walls mortar paste limestone Red. The carvers Anakecon stone columns News and the families of the rulers and their wars and their victories.

 Maya had multiple gods and the god largest (Hounnap Cor) creator of the world, and was the most important deities. And god (Aetzmna) God of heaven, the owner of the heavens and the day and night and sends rain and patron of writing, medicine, and worship was limited to the priests, and appeared to be in support of the royal family and supporting it. The god of corn (plant) (on CX) and the four gods Chx rain gods. Each god refers to the hand of the four cardinal a cardinal direction and has its own color. The women were يعبدن rainbow god (X cripple), which was linked to healing and childbirth and lactation.

Maya considered the goddess (Xstubb) goddess of suicide because they believed that suicide bombers go private in the sky.

Almioyun practicing rituals and living celebration of the Mass for the gods in the first year July Almayawah or in a state of emergency as famine, drought, epidemics and drought. They were gathered in a public square to honor the gods and put feathers above the doors of the arena. The groups of men and women put on their clothes and their heads small feathers and bells with their hands and feet when dancing arena to the rhythm of drums and flutes and the sounds of trumpets. The worshipers were a popular beverage drinkers, and some of the participants were taking hallucinogenic drug of human sacrifice

Ahram stone temples, and the temple was decorated in low relief or decree designs and forms a neat, which is covered stone slab vertical patterned also called custom ceiling roof comb. And the temple decorated Pintoaouat interface to corbeled arches stone arches characteristic. The each arc praises of stone and every room was stretching behind chamber underneath, and aside was linked with a stone arch keystone contract on top of them. The front of the altar called incense smoke that was burned in censers pottery, and worshipers were making gifts of corn, fruits, game birds and the blood that was worshiper gets it punctured his lips or tongue or penis Bmharraz.

To honor the ultimate victims were Mayan provide human children, slaves and prisoners of war. The victim was painted blue and kills over the top of the pyramid in celebration ritual beat arrows to death or after restricting forearms and legs while the priest shove his chest with a sharp knife sacred of flint to clinch the heart to give an offering, and leaders were prisoners of enemies provide victim after killing with axes central ceremony of ritual .



In the eighth century and nineteenth century, began Mayan classic decline, and that abandonment of the population of the cities in the interior plains, the war and the failure of agricultural land in the coverage needs of the population and drought, is what is believed to be the cause of its decline, and there is archaeological evidence indicates that the war, famine and revolutions internal ruling class and nobles prevailed in several parts of the interior.

         

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